The 2025 AGA Guideline Raised the Bar for Who Gets a Procedure
The American Gastroenterological Association published its gastroparesis clinical practice guideline on September 19, 2025. It contains 12 conditional recommendations, and several of them cut against how gastroparesis is marketed.
The guideline suggests against the routine initial use of endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) and against gastric electrical stimulation. Both are reserved for patients whose symptoms stay refractory after medical therapy. It puts metoclopramide and erythromycin first. It advises against domperidone, prucalopride, aprepitant, nortriptyline, buspirone, and cannabidiol as first-line therapies.
It also set explicit candidate criteria. A G-POEM candidate should have a diagnosis established on a properly performed 4-hour gastric emptying study, generally with at least moderate delay, described as 20 percent retention at 4 hours using the standardized egg-white meal. That candidate should also have had at least 6 to 12 months of moderate cardinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, or postprandial fullness.
Read that last paragraph again if a practice has offered you a procedure without a 4-hour study. Dr. Grandhige applies the same bar. Surgery is not the default outcome of a consultation here, and the patients he declines to operate on are often the most frustrated ones in the room. They would be far more frustrated after an operation that did not change anything.
How the Diagnosis Gets Confirmed Before Anything Is Recommended
The 4-hour study is not a formality. The AGA specifically advises against 2-hour or shorter protocols, because emptying measured only at 2 hours misclassifies people whose delay appears later. Extending imaging to 4 hours raises the diagnostic yield substantially over shorter historical protocols. If your scan ended at 90 minutes or 2 hours, you do not yet have an answer.
Dr. Grandhige reviews every available study before you ever sit down: prior endoscopy and pathology, pH testing, manometry, imaging, operative reports, and the notes from your gastroenterologist, ENT, pulmonologist, or allergist. He explains where his reading agrees with theirs and where it does not, so you are not collecting one more opinion without context.
Two things get ruled out that generalist workups often skip.
A large hiatal hernia driving gastric atony. Delayed emptying does not always start at the pylorus. The larger a hiatal hernia becomes, the more likely an atonic stomach develops, and that stomach may or may not recover after the hernia is repaired. Gastroparesis also overlaps regularly with GERD and esophageal disorders, which is why the whole foregut gets evaluated rather than the stomach outlet alone.
A motility disorder wearing gastroparesis symptoms. Nausea, early satiety, and regurgitation appear in achalasia, esophageal spasm, rumination, and esophageal hypersensitivity. The practice uses EndoFLIP, an impedance planimetry catheter that measures how a valve actually opens under pressure, in its motility work. Manometry, barium esophagram, and endoscopy each answer a different question, and skipping one is how the wrong procedure gets chosen.

Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM): What It Does and What It Does Not Do
G-POEM is performed entirely through the mouth with an endoscope. No abdominal incisions. The pylorus, the muscle ring controlling the stomach outlet, is cut in a controlled way to lower resistance so the stomach empties more efficiently. Most patients go home the same day.
Here are the published numbers, stated plainly, because they are routinely oversold.
Technical success, meaning the myotomy is completed as intended, runs near 98 percent. Clinical success, meaning your symptoms actually improve, is a different number. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies covering 952 patients put pooled clinical success at roughly 72 percent one year after G-POEM. Longer-term series report sustained success in the range of 50 to 77 percent at three to four years, and the variation tracks with the underlying cause and disease progression.
Any practice quoting you a 95 percent symptom-relief figure for gastroparesis is quoting technical success, not clinical success. Ask which one they mean.
Who is not a candidate
You are not a candidate if the diagnosis rests on a 2-hour scan, if symptoms have been present for less than 6 to 12 months, if medical therapy has not been given a fair trial, or if abdominal pain is your dominant symptom rather than nausea, vomiting, or fullness. Gastric electrical stimulation is a separate option that exists elsewhere in the Tampa Bay region. Dr. Grandhige does not implant it, and the AGA also reserves it for refractory patients.
After a procedure, the practice asks for six months before judging the result. At that point, remaining symptoms get addressed directly, including a referral to another specialist when they turn out not to be gastric in origin.
About Dr. Gopal Grandhige, MD
Dr. Grandhige is a board-certified general surgeon who has practiced foregut surgery in Tampa Bay since 2009. He founded Tampa Bay Reflux Center in 2009 and Tampa Bay Reflux Institute in 2022, where he serves as Medical Director.
He earned a Bachelor of Science in biology from Johns Hopkins University and his medical degree from the University of Michigan. He completed general surgery residency at Yale-New Haven Hospital, followed by two fellowships there: burn and critical care, and foregut surgery with minimally invasive surgery. He is certified by the American Board of Surgery, a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a member of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, and a founding member of the American Foregut Society.
He holds privileges at St. Joseph’s Main Hospital, St. Joseph’s South Hospital, HCA Brandon Hospital, and HCA South Tampa Hospital. Board certification is verifiable through the American Board of Surgery physician lookup and the American College of Surgeons directory, and active Florida licensure through the Florida Department of Health Medical Quality Assurance license search. His practice covers benign foregut disease only, including gastroparesis, GERD, hiatal hernias, silent reflux and LPR, and achalasia. He does not treat esophageal or gastric cancer.
More on his background and the practice is on the about the practice page, and the condition overview lives on the main gastroparesis page.
Frequently Asked Questions
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If you have a hiatal hernia and fit one of these categories, you should know your options.
Dr. Grandhige is an expert in his field and performs 200 of these surgeries a year. He is the only surgeon in the Tampa Bay Area who offers all surgical options - LINX, Fundoplications, TIF and will be one of 20 surgeons in America introducing the latest procedure RefluxStop in 2026.
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What causes reflux ?
1. Weak lower esophageal sphincter
2. Hiatal hernia
3. Flattening of the Angle of His
4. Poor esophageal motility
5. Gastroparesis (slow stomach)
NOT increased acid production
Don’t let GERD get in the way of living your life. Request your appointment with us today on the link below.
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Anyone can be victim to GERD and though weight loss can help reduce GERD symptoms. Many athletes with high impact workouts may continue to have these symptoms. This may be a symptom of a hiatal hernia or other issue. We are more then happy to assist you in finding your solution, just click the link below.
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Heartburn may seem like an annoyance. But if you find yourself having symptoms on a daily basis, it may be time to to talk to Dr. Grandhige as it could be a symptom of something worse.
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If you are tired of avoiding your favorite foods or taking daily medications, we can help.
We are the Tampa experts in reflux ! With years of experience and thousands of patients treated successfully, we offer all FDA approved anti-reflux procedures.
Call 813-922-2920 to schedule your appointment
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Not all patients need surgical intervention. Many patients are living a heartburn free life with their PPIs. However 40% of patients taking PPIs are not getting the relief they need. If you are one of those, you have options! Come in and find out more.
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